There are some notable differences between the Japanese and German university entrance systems.  （1）In order to be admitted to university, Japanese high school students usually have to take two-stage entrance examinations : the Common Test for University Admissions and the tests given by each individual university.  In general, these tests require the applicants to prepare for “multiple-choice” and “objective” questions.  （2）By contrast, German counterparts have to take graduation examinations called the Abitur.  Basically, success in this university entrance qualification permits them to choose whichever university they wish to enter.  The Abitur, which is prepared by each high school called the Gymnasium, requires “more essay writing” and “problem solving” than the entrance examinations for Japanese universities.