Migration//
　　More evidence of social learning/comes from the study of animal migration,/which for a long time was thought to be instinctive.//
　　Peter Richerson,/a researcher on human cultural evolution,/studies migration.// Recent observations appear to show/that migratory animals, birds, and even butterflies/plan their routes and adjust them for changing circumstances.// Young members of the group/have to learn the route from adults.//
　　One dramatic example of social learning among migratory creatures/involves whooping cranes.// In the late 20th century,/whooping cranes became almost extinct.// To save the species,/a small flock of cranes was introduced in Wisconsin.// Cranes must migrate to a warmer climate in winter,/and there were no experienced cranes/to teach the young chicks the route.// The flock was saved by a man in a crane suit/flying a light airplane.// The birds quickly learned to follow their human guide.// He led them on a month-long 1,250-mile flight/to Florida.//

　　Is there culture in the animal kingdom?//
　　Whiten says,/“Other species were thought to live by instinct/and some ability to learn,/but only humans had culture.// Over recent decades,/a rapidly growing body of research/has increasingly revealed a very different picture.”//
　　Richerson was once reluctant/to talk about animal “culture” at all.// However,/he has changed his mind.// He says,/“This is a golden age of animal culture/and nonhuman learning studies.”//