Migration
　　More evidence of social learning/comes from the study of animal migration,/which for a long time was thought to be instinctive.
　　Peter Richerson,/a researcher on human cultural evolution,/studies migration. Recent observations appear to show/that migratory animals, birds, and even butterflies/plan their routes and adjust them for changing circumstances. Young members of the group/have to learn the route from adults.
　　One dramatic example of social learning among migratory creatures/involves whooping cranes. In the late 20th century,/whooping cranes became almost extinct. To save the species,/a small flock of cranes was introduced in Wisconsin. Cranes must migrate to a warmer climate in winter,/and there were no experienced cranes/to teach the young chicks the route. The flock was saved by a man in a crane suit/flying a light airplane. The birds quickly learned to follow their human guide. He led them on a month-long 1,250-mile flight/to Florida.

　　Is there culture in the animal kingdom?
　　Whiten says,/“Other species were thought to live by instinct/and some ability to learn,/but only humans had culture. Over recent decades,/a rapidly growing body of research/has increasingly revealed a very different picture.”
　　Richerson was once reluctant/to talk about animal “culture” at all. However,/he has changed his mind. He says,/“This is a golden age of animal culture/and nonhuman learning studies.”